Showing posts with label peer review. Show all posts
Showing posts with label peer review. Show all posts

Saturday, 7 January 2012

An academic writes...

As a part of the forthcoming REF (Research Excellence Framework) I plan to submit several of my recently published works for consideration. As an eminent researcher in my field this is expected of me. One piece I am submitting, of which I am justifiably proud, is entitled: Precapitalist Sublimations: The dialectic paradigm of narrative and postcultural discourse around the works of Oliver Stone. Published in 2009 in Volume 91, Issue 4 of the journal Social Realism, my paper performs a complex Derridian critique of Lacan's Semanticist Model. In a sense, the subject is interpolated into a Sartreist absurdity (redolent of the early work of the late Czech playright dissident Vaclav Havel), and includes art as a 'reality' within the discourse. Lacan's model of the semanticist paradigmatic shift toward reality implies a narrative of sexual identity, and perhaps surprisingly, has a great deal of intrinsic post-modernist meaning.

There has been severe, and if I may be frank, undeserving criticism, against the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and its successor, the forthcoming REF. Here I wish to offer a rebuttal to those detractors who for whatever reasons consider the system to be flawed or unfair.

Firstly, the fact that Social Realism has a very small readership of around a dozen subscribers should not detract from its very high impact ranking of 3.6. It has a long and illustrious history of over 90 years, throughout which time the members of the editorial board have been a constant presence. Impact factors for each journal are calculated over a three year period on the average number of times its articles are cited in other articles appearing in the list of indexed journals. It goes without saying that the new fangled open access journals are rightly excluded from this elite list, due to their less rigorous standards of reviewing, the free and open nature of online publication, not to mention their substantial readership. My fellow authors and I are more than capable of compensating for the small but select readership of Social Realism by ensuring that we cite our own and each other's articles copiously in all our subsequently published papers to maintain the superior impact rating of the journal. This is only fair under the circumstances.

Secondly, doubt has been expressed over the capabilities of the appointed REF panel of experts (pictured above during their innaugural meeting in 1906) to fairly or competently judge the quality of research outputs across the board. I am happy to refute these claims, on the basis that three of the members of the panel are close friends of mine and the fourth is a member of my own family. I can assure all those who have made such claims, that the panel are all exceptionally talented people who are extremely knowledgeable in their respective fields and each is totally impervious to bribes or any other form of cajolement. Some also sit on the editorial boards of Social Realism and other journals I have published in, so their integrity is not to be doubted. Those who doubt any of the panel's capabilities, academic or otherwise can be assured. Each and every one of the expert panel has been certified.

Thirdly, the fact that I have a full time and permanent academic contract of employment with my institution means that I am eligible to submit to the REF, and will therefore be in the running to attract research funds from central government should my published works be deemed to merit it (I am confident that they will, but am not at liberty to say why). Many of my lesser academic colleagues are on fixed term or part-time contracts and unfortunately (but rightly) will not be eligible to submit. Although their published research is exemplary, the temporary nature of their employment status militates against them. Their research is thus deemed to be inadmissible, and this is only reasonable under the circumstances. Full-time permanent academic contracts must be earned on merit, and are not just given away freely to any Thomas, Richard or Harold.

Fourthly, that my research for the above article was neither empirical, nor quasi-experimental, but rather was carried out entirely as a result of personal introspection, is neither here nor there. The fact that it has been published in a high ranking journal ensures that I will almost certainly attract a 4* star rating (world leading research) and will therefore be eligible for substantial research funding. My work was double blind peer reviewed by two eminent and highly respected members of an elite academic review panel and after minor changes, was accepted for publication in the illustrious said journal.

And finally, it matters not that some claim the title and content of my published paper were generated by a spoof post-modernist essay generator. These are scurrilous accusations and borne out of pure academic jealousy. It is neither the unfamiliar sequence of the words, their apparently dense and pretentious verbosity, nor their perceived lack of coherent meaning that should be called into question here. Rather, it is the concept that is important, and of course its post-modernist interpretation. That my article could be considered by some ill-informed individuals to be little more than supercilious nonsense is at best irrelevant and at worst pure unsubstantiated opinion. The same accusation was levelled at Foucault, and look what happened to him. Instead, it is incontrovertible fact that double reviews by two blind academic peers have resulted in a major publication in a highly berated journal. This ensures that my article (and its companion submissions) will be taken into full consideration by the REF evaluation panel without question, and that in due course, I am confident that my institution will be commensurately rewarded with substantial research money from public funds, to which of course I shall be given privileged access, for the funding of subsequent research. In the final analysis, and under the circumstances, that is all that really matters. My journal article is below. Judge for yourself:

Precapitalist Sublimations: The dialectic paradigm of narrative and postcultural discourse around the works of Oliver Stone
Social Realism
2009; 91 (4), pp 16-18.

In the works of Oliver Stone, a predominant concept is that of subpatriarchial art. Geoffrey [1] states that we must choose between Lacanist obscurity and Derridaist reading. “Society is dead,” says Lacan. It could be said that Baudrillard uses the term ‘nihilism’ to denote not narrative as such, but neonarrative. The main theme of the works of Stone is the fatal flaw, and subsequent rubicon, of capitalist class. Therefore, the ground/figure distinction depicted in Stone’s JFK is also evident in Platoon. The primary theme of Scuglia’s [2] critique of subdialectic capitalist theory is the bridge between sexuality and sexual identity.

It could be said that Bataille uses the term ‘nihilism’ to denote a mythopoetical whole. The characteristic theme of the works of Stone is not materialism, but prematerialism. In a sense, Debord uses the term ‘Lacanist obscurity’ to denote the common ground between class and language. Many discourses concerning a self-justifying reality exist.

If one examines Batailleist 'powerful communication', one is faced with a choice: either accept Lacanist obscurity or conclude that class has significance, but only if art is equal to consciousness; if that is not the case, we can assume that the task of the writer is significant form. It could be said that the subject is interpolated into a Batailleist 'powerful communication' that includes art as a whole. The premise of Lacanist obscurity suggests that truth, somewhat paradoxically, has intrinsic meaning.

“Sexual identity is part of the meaninglessness of narrativity,” says Sartre; however, according to Long [3] , it is not so much sexual identity that is part of the meaninglessness of narrativity, but rather the absurdity of sexual identity. In a sense, in JFK, Stone deconstructs Batailleist 'powerful communication'; in Platoon he examines nihilism. Baudrillard promotes the use of subdialectic narrative to read society.

“Consciousness is fundamentally unattainable,” says Lacan. It could be said that if Batailleist 
powerful communication' holds, we have to choose between nihilism and deconstructivist predialectic theory. Marx uses the term ‘textual discourse’ to denote the role of the observer as participant. Therefore, Foucault’s essay on nihilism implies that truth may be used to entrench class divisions. The main theme of Bartok's [4] model of Batailleist powerful communication' is a mythopoetical paradox.

In a sense, nihilism states that context is created by the collective unconscious, but only if Bataille’s essay on postcapitalist conceptual theory is valid; otherwise, Derrida’s model of Batailleist `powerful communication’ is one of “Marxist capitalism”, and hence dead. The example of neotextual capitalism prevalent in Stone’s Natural Born Killers emerges again in Platoon, although in a more semioticist sense.

It could be argued that the subject is contextualised into a Lacanist obscurity that includes language as a totality. Hubbard [5] suggests that we have to choose between nihilism and cultural Marxism. However, Bataille suggests the use of pretextual discourse to challenge sexism. The subject is interpolated into a Lacanist obscurity that includes narrativity as a whole. In a sense, the primary theme of the works of Stone is not deconstruction per se, but postdeconstruction. Derrida uses the term 
Batailleist powerful communication' to denote a mythopoetical reality.

Dialectic capitalism and neoconstructive discourse. If one examines nihilism, one is faced with a choice: either reject Lacanist obscurity or conclude that culture is used to marginalize minorities. But Lyotard promotes the use of nihilism to deconstruct and read society. The characteristic theme of Finnis’s [6] analysis of textual narrative is the stasis, and eventually the futility, of neostructural class.

“Truth is part of the collapse of consciousness,” says Sartre. However, the subject is contextualised into a Lacanist obscurity that includes language as a paradox. Marx suggests the use of Sontagist camp to challenge class divisions. The main theme of the works of Stone is not, in fact, theory, but pre-theory. Therefore, the premise of Lacanist obscurity states that society has objective value. Bataille promotes the use of nihilism to modify class.

“Society is meaningless,” says Foucault. It could be said that several materialisms concerning neoconstructive discourse may be found. The subject is interpolated into a Lacanist obscurity that includes art as a whole.

In a sense, many theories concerning the role of the artist as observer exist. In Natural Born Killers, Stone affirms cultural subdialectic theory; in Platoon, however, he denies neoconstructive discourse. But the characteristic theme of de Selby’s [7] critique of Lacanist obscurity is the bridge between narrativity and society. The subject is contextualised into a nihilism that includes culture as a reality.

It could be said that if Lacanist obscurity holds, we have to choose between nihilism and Marxist class. Bataille’s model of cultural narrative holds that the law is part of the failure of consciousness. Therefore, Debord uses the term ‘nihilism’ to denote the role of the reader as poet. Lacanist obscurity states that art serves to reinforce the status quo, given that truth is interchangeable with narrativity. It is contentious that the subject is interpolated into a neoconstructive discourse that includes culture as a paradox. A number of deconstructions concerning Lacanist obscurity may thus be revealed.

Bibliography
1. Geoffrey, J. Y. ed. (1983) The Expression of Failure: Lacanist obscurity and nihilism. Oxford: Oxford University Press
2. Scuglia, V. Q. B. (1972) Nihilism in the works of Koons. New York: Quartermaine.
3. Long, R. E. ed. (1981) The Burning Sky: Nihilism and Lacanist obscurity. University of Illinois Press
4. Bartok, R. (1993) Lacanist obscurity and nihilism. Berlin: Schlangekraft
5. Hubbard, F. I. ed. (1984) Subcapitalist Theories: Nihilism and Lacanist obscurity. London: Loompanics
6. Finnis, Q. (1975) Lacanist obscurity and nihilism. London: Bow and Sons.
7. de Selby, R. U. P. ed. (1992) The Futility of Reality: Nihilism in the works of Eco. San Francisco: O’Reilly Associates

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An academic writes... by Steve Wheeler is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Tuesday, 29 March 2011

Synching feelings

A lot of time has been spent studying the impact of user generated content. You know, all the stuff that gets posted up onto the web, and whether it is at all useful to us as teachers and educators. Some of the best content is often provided by amateurs - people who are not necessarily specialists or qualified in their field of interest, but who are never the less passionate about their subject. This is also the ethos of sites such as Wikipedia, which rely heavily on 'the people' and 'wisdom of crowds' to create and maintain the content held in its pages. Blogging has emerged in recent years as a strong contender for the number one spot as user generated content, driven as it is by people who are both passionate and knowledgeable.

But it's not plain sailing. Influential commentators such as Andrew Keen have sniped consistently against such amateur content, suggesting that it is not only dumbing down society, but also eroding the authority of professionals and scholars, and denigrating knowledge.

And yet where is the first place students will go when they want to glean some facts or information about a subject? A lot of academics and scolars scoff at Wikipedia and forbid their students to reference it in their assessed work. Even more anathema are the many thousands of specialist blogs that are written by avid fans of topics. I must agree that quality across such sites is variable, but I also point out to the critics that just like Wikipedia, there are real experts out there writing these blogs. What if these blogs did not exist? How much poorer would we be in terms of knowledge of the world? There is a criticism that blogs are not peer reviewed, contain mainly opinion and have no credibility when compared with peer reviewed journal articles. Let's examine each criticism in turn.

Journal articles are usually double reviewed by people who are deemed to be experts in their field. Once reviewed, articles are sent back to the author for correction and revision before they are accepted for publication. Such tasks are usually performed by editorial teams. Blogs are peer reviewed, not necessarily in a formal way, but certainly informally through reader comments. I certainly think long and hard about what I write on this blog, because with between 1000-2000 views per day, and a stream of comments coming in from those who either agree or disagree with my views, I sure feel as though I am being peer reviewed. The difference between journal articles and blogs is that blogs are peer reviewed within minutes of being posted. They can also be adjusted, revised and corrected quickly, and re-posted instantly on demand. There may be typos and spelling errors in blogs, but who can honestly tell me that they have never spotted an error in a peer reviewed journal article or book chapter?

Blogs contain a lot of opinion, whereas journal articles are usually based on empirical evidence and research. But what is research anyway? We can no longer argue that research is all about statistical analysis, because there are so many qualitative, narrative and experimental forms of methods available to us as researchers, so who is to say that blogging is not a valid means of research? But how often do we read and take in the editorials in popular newspapers, which are also opinion? I have even read peer reviewed journal articles that are openly 'fictionalised' in their methodology. Opinion is also an excellent trigger for discussion. How will we learn if we don't discuss ideas and negotiate meaning between us. How can we synchronise our activities if there is not a common understanding of what needs to be done? We don't have to agree - in fact it would be a boring, colourless world if we did - but we need to be able to understand each other to get on together.

Blogs are gaining credibility, particularly those that are being followed and read by many people, and those that attract awards and plaudits from peers. They have credibility in a different sense to peer reviewed journal articles. Blogs can become a rallying point - a tribal totem - around which people can come to terms with ideas, change their approach, exchange best practice, and generally engage with their community of practice. It is a lot more intimate than the community that gathers around a peer reviewed journal article. Journals perform a different function entirely, and are less immediate, more slow burning in their impact. Blogs tend to be transitory and ethereal in their presence. Although the archive of a blog is there for people to revisit if they wish, generally it is the article at the top of the stack that is most visible and therefore most visited.

You may already have noticed that blog addresses are beginning to appear in the reference lists of peer reviewed journal articles. This is a trend that I predict will increase as blogs begin to achieve a more respectable and accepted position in the academic world.

One final word: We need to remember that professionals built the Titanic, but an amateur built the Ark. It's not always about expertise - sometimes it's about passion.

Image source Wikimedia Commons


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Synching feelings by Steve Wheeler is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Wednesday, 10 January 2007

Publish and be jammed

I might be wrong, but I think the days of the paper based academic journal could be numbered....

At the EARLI 2004 conference in Cyprus delegates were invited to a 'meet the editors' session, where we could quiz 15 or so editors about their journals. I was first on my hind legs to ask a question which was later echoed by several other delegates. How could editors justify the long lead in times between acceptance of papers to publication - as academics, we want our ideas to be in the public domain as quickly as possible, before they grow hairs on their chins. Satisfactory answer came there none.

One of the worst culprits is Computers and Education. A long long time ago, when dinosaurs still roamed the earth (alright, 26 November 2004), my colleagues Sue Waite, Carolyn Bromfield and I received confirmation that our article 'Our Flexible Friend' had been accepted for publication in the journal. More than two years later, our article still isn't in print, but we can expect it to be published around summer 2007!

Last year my colleagues Maged Boulos, Cito Maramba and I submitted our paper 'Wikis Blogs and Podcasts' to the online medical journal BMC Medical Education. When our manuscript was accepted, we were pleasantly surprised that it was published online the same day! Since then, in only four months, it has recorded over 5,500 viewings on the BMC site alone. It is mirrored on other sites around the globe including Pub Med Central, so this figure can be at least doubled. Our ideas and theories have been disseminated well and in a timely manner, to the extent that other articles and blogs have already appeared online reviewing, commenting and challenging us. Here are a few notable ones:

I know where a lot of my work will be published in the future... what do you think?